Cessna 172s full training pilot course step by step,

DESCENT MONITORING 

The PFD displays the magenta vertical Deviation (VDEV) symbol which, within +/-500 ft indicates the aircraft's vertical displacement from the computed descent path. This information is only accurate if the aircraft is close to the lateral flight plan with the waypoints having sequenced correctly. The actual VDEV is also displayed numerically on the PROG page. VDEV information is available both in managed and selected descent at lower altitudes, when in HDG or TRK, the energy circle on the ND indicates the required distance to descend, decelerate and land from the present position. 

The managed descent profile from high altitude is approximately 2 1/2°as an estimation of the distance to touchdown is required to enable descent profile monitoring, it is important to ensure that the F-PLN plan page reflects the expected approach routeing. Gross errors in the descent profile are normally a result of either incorrect programming of the MCDU or non-sequencing of F-PLN waypoints, giving a false distance to touchdown. 

DESCENT ADJUSTMENT 

Weather avoidance or ATC vectoring may require descent profile adjustment. If the aircraft is below the profile select a lower target speed or adjust the V/S After regaining the profile, re-engage managed descent to maintain the FMGS computed profile. 

If the aircraft is above the profile, an increased rate of descent will required. Use speed brake with OP DES, however be alert to the increased VLS at high altitude. ATC and weather conditions permitting, a higher speed may be selected. 

DESCENT CONSTRAINTS 

Descent constraints may be automatically included in the route as part of an arrival procedure or may be manually entered through the F-PLN page. The aircraft will attempt to achieve the constraints provided DES Mode is engaged. A DIR TO action in response to an ATC clearance to a STAR waypoint removes procedural altitude constraints. However, if intermediate waypoints altitude restrictions are relevant e.g. for terrain awareness, or there is an ATC requirement. Then perform the "DIR TO"

with ABEAMS. Constraints can be re-engaged at these abeam waypoints. 

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